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Reproductive coercion (also called coerced reproduction) are threats or acts of violence against a partner's reproductive health or reproductive decision-making and is a collection of behaviors intended to pressure or coerce a partner into becoming a parent or ending a pregnancy. Reproductive coercion is a form of domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, where behavior concerning reproductive health is used to maintain power, control, and domination within a relationship and over a partner through an unwanted pregnancy. It is considered a serious public health issue.〔〔 This reproductive control is highly correlated to unintended pregnancy. The three forms of reproductive coercion are pregnancy pressure, pregnancy coercion, and birth control sabotage; they can exist independently or occur simultaneously. If a woman does not comply with her partner's wishes, her partner may act out violently against her, which is a common response.〔 Around 10% of U.S. men reported ever having an intimate partner who tried to get pregnant when they did not want to or stopped them from using birth control. Around 9% of U.S. women reported having an intimate partner who tried to get them pregnant when they did not want to or refused to use a condom.〔Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M.R. (2011). (The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) ). Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 48〕 ==Pregnancy pressure== Pregnancy pressure, or pregnancy coercion, is enacted by a woman's sexual partner when he pressures her into having unprotected sex in order to become pregnant, or into continuing or terminating the pregnancy.〔 It might involve threats or acts of violence if the woman does not comply with the perpetrator's demands or wishes.〔〔Presentation by Alexandra Sueda, MD. Department of Ob/Gyn, Kaiser Permanente. (Contraceptive Coercion )'〕 Reproductive pressure behaviors may result in several unintended pregnancies that are then followed by multiple coerced abortions. Women who seek abortions are nearly three times as likely to have experienced reproductive pressure by a partner in the past year, compared to women continuing their pregnancies.〔 A Guttmacher Institute policy analysis states that forcing a woman to terminate a pregnancy she wants or to continue a pregnancy she does not want violates the basic human right of her reproductive health.〔Sneha Barot (Governmental Coercion in Reproductive Decision Making: See It Both Ways ) Guttmacher Policy Review Fall 2012, Volume 15, Number 4〕 Examples of verbal pressure are: * "If you have a baby, you will never have to worry about me leaving you. I will always be around." * "You would have my baby if you really loved me." * "I'll leave you if you don't get pregnant." * "I'll hurt you if you don't agree to become pregnant." * "I'll have a baby with someone else if you don't become pregnant."〔Chamberlain, Linda, and Rebecca Levenson. ''(Reproductive Health and Partner Violence Guidelines: An Integrated Response to Intimate Partner Violence and Reproductive Coercion ).'' San Francisco: Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reproductive coercion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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